The organisation and its environment. Costa coffee Essay

The organisation and its environment. Costa coffee - Essay Example Costa Coffee was founded in London in 1971 and initial operations was the supply of coffee beans to coffee shops and small scale vendors. After acquiring a formidable market, the venture was stretched to cover other operations. For many years in the coffee industry, the entrepreneurs behind Costa Coffee realized the demand of coffee beverage was more than the demand for coffee beans and berries. It is at this point that the idea of supplying drinks became more realistic. At the moment the enterprise focuses on the supply of hot drinks, particularly coffee, soft drinks and snacks. The growth of this enterprise has been significant as many branches have been launched across the globe. According to Worthington & Briton (2009) Costa Coffee has become more of a global entity that just a coffee enterprise that was launched in London. From the success story of Costa Coffee many similar companies have been resorting to the strategies applied by Costa coffee in order to achieve their goals. C osta Coffee has several aspects of both its internal and external environment. In its internal environment, operation and structural arrangement makes most of the issues faced in this particular environment. According to Turner (2003) it was hard for the enterprise to open up more than one branch. However, this move was significant as the management of Costa Coffee had the motive of reaching a wider target market. This was only possible through right and proper management that would ensure that all operations and structures are well formulated to suit the resources available for the enterprise. After the launch of another Coffee shop in London, it became easier to open up branches and manage them effectively. However, when it came to cross-border investment the scenario changed since the rules of trade became more complex. In the internal environment, the enterprise had to ensure that they had the right staff to operate in the company, proper management of funds and resources and a strong management team that would ensure continuity of the venture. In the external environment, the main issue was creating a greater competitive advantage over its competitors. This meant that the enterprise had to formulate the best strategy in order to be better than its competitors. Just like any other business venture, competitors create the greatest threat to any new enterprise entry in the corporate environment. For Costa Coffee there was an added advantage as they had started as another venture which had already established a market base. Another significant external market factor was the adherence to the rules of trade in the market. This matter became more complex when the venture had to expand its operations in other countries. The international market has new operational rules and regulations that enterprises need to adhere to. According to Turner (2003) adhering to trade rules and regulations is one external environment factor that any business enterprise is required t o effectively consider. For Costa Coffee regulation inclusions of the hotel and catering industry was mandatory. Communication in any organization is an important factor that should be considered effectively. Communication extends from just the requirements of the internal management system. For example, the general corporate environment has rules and regulations that should be adhered to by all organizations. For this to be effectively implemented there should be a proper communication

Cain Motors Information System Essay Example for Free

Cain Motors Information System Essay The purpose of this document is to define the Context of Cain Motors Information System in order to form the basis for the Information System and assessment of the success of the project. This document will allow the Project Board to ensure the project has a sound basis before making a major commitment to the project. It will act as a base document against which the Project Board and Project Manager can assess progress, change management issues, and on-going viability issues. Approval of the Project Initiation Document (PID) is sought from the Project Board, together with authorisation to proceed with the next stage of the project. here are eight main stages to using PRINCE2 Quality Management, which is the system we will be using to develop this project. Cain Motors is a small garage in the east end of London situated under the railway arches. The garage has been running for thirty years and relies mainly on word of mouth and passing trade for its business. It deals with car repairs, MOTs, servicing and insurance work. There are a total of four workers including the owner Mr Cain. Last year we were brought into update the system from a manual system to a computerised system, which we did but Mr Cain has called us back to update the system and to redevelop the existing information processing system at Cain Motors to resolve defects highlighted by users and Mr Cain, the project will also incorporate certain changes requested by users of the present information system such as to be able to produce a complete MOT history, to produce invoices, web site for advertising and booking appointments (MOT, crash repairs and servicing). Mr Cain has decided to store stock on the premises; therefore he now requires a facility for stock monitoring i. e. a stock table added to the database so he can keep track of what needs to be reordered and what has to be used. The project aims to provide an information system that will assist staff in the day-to-day operations of Cain Motors, providing an efficient computer system, which reliably and securely stores information manages stock control, customer information and MOT service history. If the aim of the project if achieved it will make the business more efficient, it will cut down on lost time, because everything should be on the computerised system, which means the company will on lost man hours. The identified defects are listed below, also the desired improvements Improvements Defects As business expands, stock details needs to be included and supplier referencing for purposes of stock control and monitoring. The supplier table is not related to any other tables within the databases, at present it is a flat file contained with the database. Web site for advertising and booking appointments (MOT and crash repairs servicing) MOT history is not recorded for each customer, when a search is entered only the last record is shown. A full history needs to be returned. Estimates were not included into database version 1 to be included in version (estimate log, costs retail date given who gave when was it given to customer, proceed or decline. How long does estimate stand) Printing details currently only tacks a screen dump and prints that off rather than a full report, which is really what is required. Delete functions used in a VB front end for the database does not delete record conation with the database table this needs to be readdressed. The stock control system will be integrated into the existing system, linking the supplier table to the database. The system will be loaded as part of a new version, data migration for the previous version will be required and data entry will be required to enable the staff to see all supplier information. Financially this change will benefit Cain Motors immensely, turn around time will increase for cars, and cars will not be held static in the garage awaiting parts thus increasing the amount of cars that can be worked on at once. Thus increasing business revenue.

Behaviour of pestel on business organisation

Behaviour of pestel on business organisation ABSTRACT: The purpose of this report is to analyse the behaviour of pestel on the behaviour of Business organisation. Pestel is combination of four research strategies Political, Economic, Social, Technological. History of PESTEL History of PESTLE is about ten years old thats why we cannot define the exact history of PESTEL. From our research, the earliest know reference to tools and techniques for Scanning the Business Environment appears to be by Francis J. Aguilar (1967) who discusses ETPS a mnemonic for the four sectors of his taxonomy of the environment: Economic, Technical, Political, and Social. [www.rapidbi.com] PESTEL stands for: Political Economic Social Technological Environmental Legal PESTEL analysis is instruments that can help organisations drawing reaching STRATEGIES by helping them realize the EXTERNAL surroundings in which they operate now and will be operate in the future. It forces the business leaders worldwide to create their used for big picture [www.mindtools.com] STRATEGY AND STRATEGIC DECISIONS Every organisation its strategy and strategic determinate are related with the: Meeting of an organisations actions to its environment Orbit of an organisations action what it performs or performs not do List of an organisations actions to its requirements Focus on organisation will ahead in long term Entailment for change across the whole organisation strategy making, strategies and determine are normally hard. PESTLE analysis grants one important scene of strategic analysis the EXTERNAL environment enquired consistently by use of a simple methodology. PESTLE is not linked with an organisations INTERNAL environment or its strengths and weakness. These important impacts of strategic analysis are best crossed using different methods. [www.mindtools.com] PESTLE ANALYSIS One utter of PESTLE analysis has three main elements. The first two are very developed at the same time with the third best done as part of the following already process. External factors list Entailment of external factors identity Linked importance of implication of external decide A depict list of factors, influences or pressures that have already impacts, now or in the future, for the organisation is compiles for each of the PESTLE ingreedgs.[www.rapid.com] Political Government type and constancy Freedom of press, rule of law and degrees of bureaucracy and corruption Rule and de regulation sheers Social and employment lawmaking Tax, policy, and trade and tariff controls. Environmental and consumer security Likely changes in the political environment Example Political analysis for Coca Cola: Non alcoholic beverages fall within the food category under the FDA. In manufacturing these products Government Polices plays vital role. It is necessary to obey these laws for the survival and to avoid the fines. So change in laws and regulations contains the changes in accounting standards, taxations requirements and environment laws in domestic of foreign jurisdictions. So the non alcoholic business is without limitations, competitive product, pricing pressures and many others that political factors which really affecting the overall output of the organization. And it greatly affects the organizations working at international levels like Coka Cola. [www.peerpapers.com] ECONOMIC Currant and project economic increase inflation and internal rates Unemployment and labour supply Labour costs Levels of item income and income distribution Impact of globalization Likely facts of technological or other change on the economic EXAMPLE Economic changes like recession greatly affecting the buying power of the customers so prices for the properties are greatly affected. And the investors of property are dumped due to this economical effect. SOCIO-CULTURAL Population development rate and age visibility Press attract to work, public likes and dislike, social tabus Population employment forms, job market exemption Socio cultural changes Population health, education and social quality EXAMPLE In western countries, most of people like fast food, but in eastern people like home food .so it is play very important role in any organisation. TECHNOLOGICAL Touch of rising technologies Affect of internet decrease in communications cost and increased outside working Explore and development action Action of technology shift EXAMPLE Technological environment is also affecting the organisation behaviours .Now a days customers are moving more towards the Internet so for a successful organisation its necessary to spend extra expenses and energy to make and maintain the website. EVIRONMENTAL Example Environment consequence is those linking to pollution, global warming, sustainable development and other elements of the green docket. Today all over the world every business tries to matchup their business through environment. All though it is very difficult, but not impossible. LEGAL World eu, national legisation change, prospects etc. These factors may help us a starting point for thinking but make sure include other point as well because it is not easy task. Advantages of pestel: Another broad, rule is that wherever it is slow or fast change in an area, we should always welcome the new opportunities and threats because through threats and weakness, we are able to do affects for the future. And remember that change is always good. If we see develop countries, we can image or we can get the result, they are successful because of lot of hard work. And of have power to take the challenge as a task. Pest analysis is useful puppet for realizing what is helping around us. In a big picture. It means what sort of opportunities and threats we have in the organisation. And how we can control it, and make over life easy. So PESTEL analysis for the planning of any organisation. [www.mindtools.com] CONCLUSION: PESTEL analysis is very useful key to success in field of life. Because in PESTEL we are able to discuss, what is major problem, and how we can solve it. But in other-hand, we have to very careful about to taking they decision, because in PESTEL changing are always happing. So it is very important, we should have complete knowledge about currant issues. We also are ready for new channels. Through PESTEL analysis we are able to achieve success in EXTERNAL environment. If we achieve big success, the small problem will automatically solve. REFERENCES: www.rapidbi.com www.peerpapers.com www.mindtools.com The market planning guideBy David H. Bangs Strategic management By John L. Thompson, Frank Martin

The Dilemmas of Conscience in The Crucible Essay -- The Crucible Moral

The Dilemmas of Conscience in The Crucible The play "The Crucible" was written by Arthur Miller written 1950's but was first performed in 1953. It is set in Salem, Massachusetts in the spring of 1692 and is about a small community torn apart due to accusations of witchcraft. In this essay I am going to write about the affect that conscience has on peoples' minds and decisions. Miller once said "Now I wanted to move closer to a conscious hero". By this he meant after his last play he wanted to move closer to a character that was aware of what he has done i.e. sins and that he becomes a hero for it. I will analyze John Proctor, Reverend John Hale and Goodwife Elizabeth Proctor because these three all have their own moral struggle due to the witch-hunts. Arthur Miller has based his drama on a true story, which happened in Salem in 1692. The names of the characters he used were actually the people involved. He found out their names from his visit to Salem to look at the court records. He had changed their characters slightly i.e. making Abigail Williams older. Also at the time of him writing the play there were the McCarthy witch hunts for communists, which as a writer miller himself was thought to be communist. He was interrogated by the government and was under pressure to name names and confess just as John Proctor was, so Miller can relate to Proctor's situation. The first person I am going to analyze from the play is John Proctor. He is the central character and the "conscious hero" Miller was referring to. He is a farmer in Salem and is in his middle thirties with a wife and three sons. He is "even tempered" and has a very dark secret, his infidelity with Abigail Williams, "before you go... ... are faced by each of the characters I have studied. There are other characters beside the ones I have studied that face a battle with their conscience. These people are Mary Warren and Danforth. Danforth faces a struggle with his conscience as he has to make the decisions of who dies and who lives and each death is on his conscience for the rest of his life. Miller wanted a conscious hero central to his drama because he thought that it related to his own life and the events going on around him at the time There are a few people in The Crucible that appear to have no conscience at all. These people are Abigail and The Putnams. Deep down I think the play The Crucible is all about the battles people face with their conscience and the different ways in which people deal with it. It is the central story line, upon which the entire play is based around. The Dilemmas of Conscience in The Crucible Essay -- The Crucible Moral The Dilemmas of Conscience in The Crucible The play "The Crucible" was written by Arthur Miller written 1950's but was first performed in 1953. It is set in Salem, Massachusetts in the spring of 1692 and is about a small community torn apart due to accusations of witchcraft. In this essay I am going to write about the affect that conscience has on peoples' minds and decisions. Miller once said "Now I wanted to move closer to a conscious hero". By this he meant after his last play he wanted to move closer to a character that was aware of what he has done i.e. sins and that he becomes a hero for it. I will analyze John Proctor, Reverend John Hale and Goodwife Elizabeth Proctor because these three all have their own moral struggle due to the witch-hunts. Arthur Miller has based his drama on a true story, which happened in Salem in 1692. The names of the characters he used were actually the people involved. He found out their names from his visit to Salem to look at the court records. He had changed their characters slightly i.e. making Abigail Williams older. Also at the time of him writing the play there were the McCarthy witch hunts for communists, which as a writer miller himself was thought to be communist. He was interrogated by the government and was under pressure to name names and confess just as John Proctor was, so Miller can relate to Proctor's situation. The first person I am going to analyze from the play is John Proctor. He is the central character and the "conscious hero" Miller was referring to. He is a farmer in Salem and is in his middle thirties with a wife and three sons. He is "even tempered" and has a very dark secret, his infidelity with Abigail Williams, "before you go... ... are faced by each of the characters I have studied. There are other characters beside the ones I have studied that face a battle with their conscience. These people are Mary Warren and Danforth. Danforth faces a struggle with his conscience as he has to make the decisions of who dies and who lives and each death is on his conscience for the rest of his life. Miller wanted a conscious hero central to his drama because he thought that it related to his own life and the events going on around him at the time There are a few people in The Crucible that appear to have no conscience at all. These people are Abigail and The Putnams. Deep down I think the play The Crucible is all about the battles people face with their conscience and the different ways in which people deal with it. It is the central story line, upon which the entire play is based around.

Caring Theory

Swanson’s Middle Range Nursing Theory of Caring By: Shari Semelroth RN, BSN Mennonite College of Nursing Abstract Do we honestly make an effort to improve the environment, care, medical treatment, and interactions with those patients who are suffering a loss? Do we adequately provide the care that they need? These questions are answered in Swanson’s Middle Range Theory of Caring. We examine the five caring processes and their applications to one’s daily nursing routines. Many healthcare organizations have adopted the caring theory as their model of care for their philosophy and principles for nursing.Caring theory has also been the focus of many research articles that have concluded that caring is a natural part of nursing and it is based on evidence. All healthcare professionals should be able to achieve the concepts into their daily nursing profession. We care for patients, and what we are currently doing we can always switch to improve for more positive intera ctions. What is caring and why is it essential to nursing? What are the perceptions of caregivers, care receivers, and care observers regarding caring? A nurturing way of relating to a valued other person toward whom one has a personal sense of commitment and responsibility.Nursing has traditionally been concerned not only with the caring needs of individuals, but also with caring as a value or principle for nursing action. (Swanson, 1991) The underlying structure of the nursing philosophical system or grand theory of nursing as caring is created by the assumptions of the theory and their interrelationships. (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001) These assumptions develop the most fundamental belief that all persons are caring by virtue of their humanness, that to be human is to be caring.A deep understanding of the practical meaning of that foundational assumptions also organize the theory that personhood is living grounded in caring; that caring is lived moment to moment in relationships wi th caring others, and that nursing as a discipline and profession of caring is orientated not towards diagnosing needs nor compensating for deficiencies, but as its focus, nurturing persons living caring and growing in caring. (Boykin, 2003) Swanson suggests that a universal definition or conceptualization of caring does not exist within and outside of nursing as to the role of caring in personal and professional relationships. Swanson, 1991) Kristen Swanson is a native of Rhode Island, graduated with a bachelor’s degree in nursing from the University of Rhode Island in 1975. She went on to earn her master’s degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1978 and PhD in nursing from the University of Colorado. Swanson worked as a Registered Nurse at the University of Massachusetts, as she was drawn to that institution because the founding nursing administration clearly articulated a vision for professional nursing practice and actively worked with nurses to apply these ideas while working with clients. Swanson, 1993) As a novice nurse she wanted to become a knowledgeable and technically skillful practitioner with an ultimate goal of teaching these skills to others. She pursued graduate studies. While studying she worked as a clinical instructor on a med surgical unit. Swanson studied psychosocial nursing with an emphasis on exploring the concepts of loss, stress, coping, interpersonal relationships, persons, environment and caring. As a doctoral student, she was able to experience hands on health promotion activity.She was involved in a cesarean birth support group. One historical meeting for her was on miscarriage. Swanson noticed that the discussion was based by the physician more on the pathophysiology and health problems of miscarriage. The women of the group were interested in discussing their personal experiences with pregnancy loss. (Alligood & Tomey, 2010) From that day forth she decided to learn more about the human experience. Caring and miscarriage became the focus of her doctoral dissertation and her program of research.She has since then received numerous awards, has taught fellow nursing students, became the Dean at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Associate Chief Nursing Officer for Academic Affairs at UNC Hospitals. In addition to teaching and administrative responsibilities, she conducts research funded by National Institutes of Nursing Research, publishes, mentors faculty and students and serves as a consultant at national and international levels. Swanson was inducted as a fellow in the American Academy of Nursing and received Distinguished Alumni Award from the University of Rhode Island.Swanson used various theoretical sources while developing her theory. During her doctoral studies, she was influenced by other nurses and their theories related to caring. She took Dr. Jacqueline Fawcett’s course on the conceptual basis of nursing practice as a master’s prepared nurse, not only made her better at understanding the differences between the goals of nursing and other health disciplines, but also made her realize that caring for others as they go through life transitions of health, illness, healing, and dying was congruent with her personal values. (Swanson 1991)Dr.Fawcett developed the Language of Nursing and Metatheory; she displayed a distinctive role in caring for others and the importance of altruistic caring for the person’s well-being. (Fawcett, 1989) Dr. Jean Watson was also a mentor during her doctoral studies. Dr. Watson is known for her Theory of Human Caring. Even with the close relationship, they had, neither has ever seen Swanson’s program of research as an application of Watson’s theory of human caring. They do agree that compatibility of finding on caring in their individual programs add creditability to their individual programs of research.Swanson acknowledges Dr. Kathryn E. Barnard for encouraging her to make the t ransaction from interpretive to contemporary empiricist paradigm to convey what she learned and postulated about caring through several phenomenological investigations to direct intervention research and hopefully clinical practice with women who had miscarriages. (Alligood &Tomey, 2010) Dr. Barnard is recognized for her Parent Child Interaction Model. She encouraged Swanson to test her theory through randomized controlled trials.Swanson’s theory of caring is a nursing set of processes that are formed from the nurse’s own principles and his or her interaction with the patient, with five fundamental processes of knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, and maintain belief. Her theory was formed from three descriptive phenomenological studies from perinatal nursing. The five processes that help explain the concept of this theory has subcategories. The theory has four phenomena of concern: nursing, person, health and environment. Theory concepts of nursing are informed c aring for the well-being of others. Beatty, 1984) Person in theory concept is unique beings who are becoming and whose wholeness is manifested in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Health in theory is related to having meaning filled experience with wholeness. Environment is any situation that is influenced by the client or influences the client. Knowing is the first process of caring. Knowing is striving to understand the meaning of the event in the life of the other, avoiding assumptions, focusing on the person cared for, seeking clues, assessing thoroughly, and engaging both the one caring and the one cared for in the process of knowing. Swanson 1991) The second caring concept, being with emotionally present to the other. It involves simply â€Å"being there†, conveying ongoing availability and sharing feelings whether joyful or painful. Monitor so that the one caring does not ultimately burden the one cared for. The third concept is doing for others what would do for the self at all possible, including anticipating needs comforting, performing skillfully and unconditionally, and protecting the one cared for while preserving his or her dignity (Swanson, 1993) Enabling is the fourth concept.It is facilitating the others passage through life transitions and unfamiliar events by focusing on the event, informing, exploring, supporting, validating feelings, generating alternatives, thinking through, and giving feedback (Swanson, 1991) The final concept is maintaining belief. Sustaining faith in the others capacity to get through an event or transition and face a future with meaning, believing in others capacity and holding him or her in high esteem, maintaining a hope filled attitude, offering realistic optimism, helping to find meaning and standing by the one cared for no matter what the situation is. Swanson, 1993) Her later work introduced â€Å"Informed Caring†, aimed to provide structure for relating the five caring processes and describes ass umptions about the four main phenomena of concern to nursing. (Swanson, 1998) An assumption of nursing is informed caring for the well-being of others. Providers must be informed and regarding common responses to health concerns. The nurse will increase care given based on her experiences. Included is evidenced based practices, compassion, understanding of other structure of caring, and understanding of the nursing profession.Along with this assumption, the nurse may be affected by Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory. Persons are defined as unique beings who are in the midst of becoming and whose wholeness is made manifest in thoughts, feelings and behaviors. (Benner, 1984) Each individual experiences are molded by environment. Spiritual endowment connects each being to an external and universal source of goodness, mystery, life creativity, serenity and free will to choose a range of possibilities. Each person does have equal choices.Nurses are mandated to take on leadership rol es in fighting for human rights, equal access to health care and other humanitarian causes. (Hanson, 2004) Health and well-being is a complex process of curing and healing that includes â€Å"releasing inner pain, establishing new meaning, restoring integration, and emerging into a sense of renewed wholeness†. (Swanson, 1993) Bonds are created, free expression of spirituality, thoughts, feelings, intelligence and creativity. The well-being of health is negatively affected by actions of individuals upon the other that inhibit expression of wholeness.Environment is situational. Any context that influences or is influenced by the designated client informed. (Swanson, 1993) Any forces that exert influence upon or are influenced by the patient. (Hanson, 2004) Forces could come from cultural, economic, political, spiritual, social, physiological realms. Any disturbance or change in the environment or realms will affect the wholeness of the other. According to Swanson (1993), the te rms environment and person in nursing may be viewed interchangeable, therefore, what is considered an environment in one situation may be considered a client in another situation.Internal evaluation of the theory consists of clarity, adequacy, consistency logical development, and level of theory development. Clarity of the caring theory is straight forward and easy to interpret. Swanson’s definition of the environments clearly describes her thought process of how the environment and patient are interchangeable. Adequacy adequately addresses each process with thorough descriptions that bring the theory together as a whole. It recognizes nursing values and missions and uses prior theories and research as the basis for its formation.It is clear descriptions of its process allow it to be easily applied to practice. Consistency within the theory focus, definition and interpretation of relationships remain consistent throughout the description of the theory. Logical development is described as the formation of caring as an interaction process. It acknowledges the processes that affect each level of the interpersonal relationship between client and environment. Swanson included previous research and knowledge of caring, but later individualized her theory with empirical evidence that her processes can be used to form a healing environment.Level of theory development is displayed of components of a middle range theory including empirical testing applicable to direct practice, based on a specific phenomenon and narrower in scope because it focusses on the five processes of caring and their interaction, rather that focus on both the medical and psychosocial aspects of nursing. (Peterson & Bredow, 2009) External evaluation of the Theory of Caring include, complexity, discrimination, reality convergence, pragmatic, scope, significance, and utility. Complexity is easily understood with the simple definitions of the four concepts and five processes.Discrimination is not unique to the nursing field. There are many other theories based on caring. The theory does not have a precise boundary as it can be applied to many situations of nursing as well as outside the nursing practice itself. Reality convergences represent the real worlds of nursing and are true. The concepts and processes are described thoroughly enough to be understood by any professional. This allows the theory to be applied to a broad spectrum of human interaction meant to be caring. Pragmatic can be operationalized in real life setting which is seen in Swanson’s empirical testing.Scope is met by Swanson of a middle range theory by having the processes narrowly described for individual situations however it is broad enough to be applied to caring interactions that range from nursing to other professions. The components can be testes but remain concrete to be repeatedly applied to different practice setting. Significance of the caring theory is truly substantial to the nursin g profession. It has recognized and organized key values of caring that will help to provide improved client to nurse interactions.The theory clearly describes the importance of recognizing the situational environment, and the influence of a nurse’s interactions on the health and potential outcome of a patient. Utility is a clear with definition and descriptions and has allowed Swanson to continue to have her theory tested for further research. Each process stands on its own, but some also help to build and define the others. Knowing, being with, doing for, and enabling work together to have the path filled with meaning will be chosen and thereby meet the goal of maintaining belief. Limitation in theory was to show relationship between five processes.She recognized the limitations and worked to link all five processes in to Nursing in Informed Caring for well-being of others. Swanson’s theory is congruent with Benner’s theory of Helping Role of Nursing and Watso n’s Carative Factors. There is cross validation and rationale for perception. The University of North Carolina hospital has operationalized Swanson’s Caring theory. Swanson’s Theory has led to research based practicing. The initial investigation that launched this program of clinical research was a phenomenological pilot study of five women who had miscarried within fourteen weeks of participating in the study.The research questions were: â€Å"What is the meaning of miscarriage to the woman who has recently experienced it? † Another study was a phenomenological study of twenty women who had miscarried two specific aims were (a) to describe the human experience of miscarriage and (b) to describe the meaning of caring as perceived by women who had miscarried. This research study shifted the program of research from a qualitative, interpretative approach to a descriptive quantitative design. Kyle, 1995) Swanson was able to develop instruments to assist in t he measuring of her results. The Impact Miscarriage Scale was delivered from her research. (Swanson, 1999) The scale was developed in three phases, it was repeated, measures, and randomized. This scale measures significant aspects of suffering from a miscarriage. She developed an Emotional Strength Scale that measures the extent of how individuals view themselves emotionally and the Caring Other Scale which measures the received after miscarriage from one’s significant other and â€Å"others†.The Caring theory postulates that nurses demonstrating they care about it is as crucial to patient well-being for them through clinical activities such as preventing infection and administration medications. ( Bulfin, 2005) ) Implemented the Carolina Care Model is one approach to actualizing caring theory across a healthcare organization by systematically incorporating interventions that link nursing actions, caring processes, and expectations. The professional practice model for the University of North Carolina hospital completed in 2008 grounded in caring theory.A model was developed into specific caring behaviors and incorporated them in practice. Four key behavioral characteristics of Carolina Care were developed 🙠 1) multilevel rounding, (2) words and ways that work, (3) relationship service components, (4) partnerships with support services. Hourly rounds combine elements of the caring process of being with and doing for. Scripts may have an adverse reaction, so words and ways that work. Suggests key points to include in interaction that frequently occur that are individualized conversations.These words are linked to enabling. These may be linked to the other caring process, such as being with. A moment of caring is asked to be done with each patient for 3-5 minutes to talk about how they are coping with their illness while touching the patient's hand or arm. Moments like this exemplify being with, and information the patient shares may contrib ute to knowing. These links between caring processes and caring behavior suggested are grounded in a culture of maintaining belief. There are many healthcare organizations that use Swanson’s theory as their care model.Norton Healthcare, University of North Carolina, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Hudson Valley Sinai Hospital in Michigan and Meritus Healthcare in Maryland are a few that has adopted this theory into practice. A theory is an explanation and it is said that nothing is as practical as a good theory. Yet there is a persistent gap between nursing theory and practice. Theory guided practice remains and ideal versus a realized goal in most organizations. Swanson’s caring theory may be a notable exception in accelerating progress toward this goal.Caring theory postulates that nurses demonstrating they care about patients is as important to patient’s well-being as caring for them through clinical activities such as p reventing infection and administrating medication. By incorporating interventions that link nursing actions, caring process and expectations is an approach to actualizing caring theory. All areas of nursing should be able to incorporate the theory of caring into their daily routine with no barriers of resistance. My practice is initiated usually as an inpatient status.Our providers are called to consult any neurological concern that the admitting physician would like evaluated. We see pediatric patients and their families in the emergency room, NICU, PICU, and general pediatric floor. Some of the patients are new to their current health crisis and some are established patients of our service already. Knowing as defined in Swanson’s theory of caring could be implemented during our first initial visit that we center on the patient. We offer a realistic optimism that we will devote our services to properly diagnosing the patient.Taking a detailed history and searching for clues to why this admission came about and to determine the next step in helping the patient. Staying with the patient during this complicated and stressful initial consult can be related to Swanson’s being with. Nurses can take the time with our patients and explain in depth the diagnosis and testing that may need to be ordered. Many times we will spend hours with our teenage patients explaining the electroencephalogram. This age of patients can be scared of any testing and need to be told the truth on what is going to take place.Working in a children’s hospital it is a blessing that we have access to child life. These professionals are specifically trained in child development and can help with the education process with our children. We ask for their assistance to educate our patients. Many of times they have pictures or videos to show that can explain in a way a child or teenager may understand, visual and audio sometimes works in our modern technology generation. We enc ourage questions and let the patient and their families understand there is no burden on asking questions.Asking questions is the way our patients learn, and we want them to be educated so they are not scared. With our population, the more the patient knows, the easier the testing usually goes. Doing is applied to all our patients. When we have a seizure patient we have an abundance of education. Seizure patients need to be explained the many safety precautions. When they are being discharged from the hospital we are enabling setting up and scheduling follow up appointments at our clinic. Maintaining belief occurs as we are reassuring that if they are in need of anything before they come in to our clinic to please call and we can try to help.Many schools require a seizure action plan before students can come back in to class. This is why we try to stay in communication with the patients and their families before their follow up as many times they are scheduled out four months from d ischarge. Our patients are transferred to adult when they reach 18 years of age, and we hear too often that the adult world is not as caring as we were in pediatrics. I do believe that our services are being seen as a caring process. How can we enhance the theory of caring? Can the theory help us with research in the future?I believe that the theory of caring can be beneficial in care models, research and evidenced based practice. According to Johnson and Webber (2005), a model should capture central themes and theoretical relations in such a way to help guide nurses in their practice. Boykin, Smith, and Aleman (2003) believed that a model would help create a work environment for nurses that support their commitment to nurture and caring. This model would display the important values that nurses have stated to be critical in the practice of nursing. Caring is the foundation of nursing and defines the nurse’s professional identity. Boykin ; Schoenhofer, 2001) A caring-based nu rsing model, identified that care is an essential value for nurses and that being able to incorporate this value into their practice increases satisfaction of the nurse and the patient. A study by Bulfin (2005), using the care concepts developed by Boykin and Schoenhofer generated a model of care to patients in a large community hospital. In the Bulfin (2005) study, the researcher asked if a visual model would enhance and support caring in nursing practices and, thus, improve the job satisfaction of the nurse and impact the level of patient satisfaction.Following the implementation of the caring model, patient satisfaction increased and more positive comments were received from the patients and families (Bulfin, 2005). The National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) issued domains and competencies for every NP graduate that included emphasis on the nurse-patient relationship, use of healing modalities, respect of the worth and dignity of the patient, and incorporat ion of spiritual beliefs into the plan. These competencies describe the core abilities of NP graduates.NONPF states that these competencies are a â€Å"gold standard† to maintain and shape quality graduate NP programs. NONPF's emphasis on caring qualities in the NP-patient relationship is further evidence that NPs do not practice from a medical perspective but, rather, as facilitators of holism and health with their patients. Theory of caring can be used to better understand how to relate to our patients. Each process slows for a nurse to formulate an intervention to better care for a patient. This is a theory for the future.Caring defines nursing and is moving to be an evidence-based profession. Swanson’s five caring process are first grounded in the maintenance of a belief in human kind, anchored by knowing another’s reality, conveyed by being with and enacted through doing for and enabling. When time is taken to observe and interpret nurses' actions, it becom es clear that nursing practice is the result of blended understandings of the empirical, aesthetic, ethical and intuitive aspects of a given clinical situation and a nexus of maintaining belief in, knowing, being with, doing for and enabling the other. Nursing caring†¦consists of subtle, yet powerful, practices which are often virtually undisclosed to the casual observer, but are essential to the well-being of its recipient†. (Swanson, 1993, p. 357) Swanson gives nurses a platform to base our caring foundation on. As nurse’s gain experiences we build small levels on the foundation. Like building a house, we all start with the basics of the foundation that we learn in nursing school. It is up to us what we do with that foundation.Every nurse in any clinical setting can use the theory of caring daily. They may not know the five caring process by name, but they are used in every situation, with every patient, by every nurse. References Alligood. M. R. , ; Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing theorists and their work. (7th Ed. ). St. Louis: Mosby. Beatty KD. Reflection on caring for a home care client using Kristen M. Swanson’s theory of caring. Int J Hum Caring 2004; 8: 61–64 Benner, P. (1984). From novice to expert. Menlo Park: Addison-Wesley.Boykin, A. , ; Schoenhofer, S. (2001). Nursing as caring. Sudbury, MA: Jones ; Bartlett. Boykin, A. , Smith, N. , St. Jean, J. , ; Aleman, D. (2003). Transforming practice using a caring-based nursing model. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 27, 223-231. Bulfin, S. (2005). Nursing as caring theory: Living caring in practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 18, 313-319. Fawcett, J. (1989). Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing, 2nd Edn. F. A. Davis, Philadelphia, PA. Hanson MD.Using data from critical care nurses to validate Swanson’s phenomenological derived middle range caring theory. J Theory Construction Testing 2004; 8: 21–25 Kyle, T. (1995). The concept of caring: A re view of the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21, 506-514. Kavanaugh K, Moro TT, Savage T, Mehendale R. Enacting a theory of caring to recruit and retain vulnerable participants for sensitive research. Res Nurs Health 2006; 29: 244–52. Nightingale, F. (1859). Notes on nursing: What it is and what it is not.London: Harrison and Sons. Peterson, S. J. , ; Bredow, T. S. (2009). Middle Range of Theories: Application to Nursing Research (3rd ed. ). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams ; Wilkins. Schoenhofer, S. , ; Boykin, A. (1998a). The value of caring experienced in nursing. International Journal for Human Caring, 2(4), 9-15. Swanson, K. (1998). Caring made visible. Creative Nursing, 4(4), 8-12. Swanson K. What’s known about caring in nursing: a literary meta-analysis. In: Hinshaw AS, Feetham S, Shavers J, eds. f Clinical Nursing Research; Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1999:31-58. Swanson, K. M. (1991). Empirical development of a middle range theory of caring. Nurse Researcher, 40(3), 161-16 Swanson, K. M. (1993). Nursing as informed caring for the wellbeing of others. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 25, 352-357 Watson J. Caring theory as ethical guide to administrative and clinical practices. Nurse Adm Q. 2005; 30(1):48-55. Watson, J. (1988). New dimensions of human caring theory. Nursing Science Quarterly, 1(4), 175-181.

The eNotes Blog OMG, I Mean, Like, YaKnow

OMG, I Mean, Like, YaKnow I understand that young people often use the word like as a sort of placeholder; that is, a way to pause briefly before carrying on with their thoughts.   While I know I am not the first person to rail against the overuse of like, I still believe it is worth pointing out to students how often they use it. The other day I was following a pair of students as I exited my classroom. In the space of no more than three minutes, I counted a single student, talking to her friend, say the word like forty (as if anyone needs one): I was, like, getting ready to get gas in my car this morning? And my mom was like, I thought you got gas last night? But I was all, like, OMG, no, Mom, I told you, like, me and Kimmy were going to stop this morning and, like, get gas and breakfast and stuff so now I know Im like late and everything? The beating-to-death of the word like is just one of my language pet peeves. You will notice that I also have all of these sentences as interrogatives, for no matter how inane or innocuous the conversation may be, it seems that students are, more often than not, ending any sentence they utter with a question. Is it fear of being wrong? Or at least leaving some room for dissent? I cannot figure it out, personally. You know? A third (but far from final) irritation (my walking student managed to hit all three bases) is the interjection of   Oh my God! for any situation, ranging from car accidents to dropped MMs. There is a wonderful little poem by Billy Collins titled, appropriately, Oh, My God OH, MY GOD Not only in church and nightly by their bedsides do young girls pray these days Wherever they go, prayer is woven into their talk like a bright thread of awe Even at the pedestrian mall outbursts of praise spring unbidden from their glossy lips. Students get irritated when I point these things out, its true. But by the end of the term, I do notice some diminishment. At least in my classroom.

The Two Hemispheres of the Brain

The Two Hemispheres of the Brain Human brain forms a comparatively small but very important part of a human being. It practically controls every action that a person performs. Consciously or subconsciously all other body organs depend on the brain to behave in any particular way. The brain is therefore a crucial organ, and if anything happens to it, the whole body will come to a stop. Notably, the brain is divided into two portions with each having various distinct roles. Nevertheless, sometimes it is very difficult to differentiate between the functions of the two theories.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Two Hemispheres of the Brain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Arguably, assignments and various functions are balanced between the two parts of the brain to ensure maximum output. The two parts of the brain are known to work in close connection thus making them almost similar. Still, the functions executed by the two parts are different. To begin with, the right part of the brain conducts intuitive, subjective and holistic thinking (Luys, 2012). This means that it is bound to be random in thinking. On the other hand, the left part of the brain carries out thinking in a logical, rational and objective way. Therefore, human beings are either based towards subjectivity or objectivity depending on the part of the brain that they use most. It should be stated that the left hemisphere is responsible for actions of the right muscles. On the same note, the left hemisphere controls the sensory activities and the right motor. For example, handwriting and language are controlled by the left hemisphere. As a result, people who tend to rely more on the left brain part are usually very comfortable with language (Darvas, 2007). On the other hand, the right hemisphere controls speech and hearing processes. Therefore, people who depend more on the right side of the brain have good verbal expressions. Another difference between the t wo sides of the brain is that the left side deals with information in pieces. Once information is received, the left hemisphere will break it down and then tries to understand each bit individually. Moreover, this part of the brain will arrange the various bits of the information in a chronological manner before drawing conclusions (Annett, 2013). As a result, the left part of the brain will take a bit longer to respond to an issue. On the other hand, the right part of the brain considers any information wholesomely. Details are not given much attention and thus it starts with the answer before getting to the main problem.Advertising Looking for term paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The brain can also be categorized on the way it conducts its day-to-day tasks. The right hemisphere is known for the random manner in which it executes its duties. It is carrying out many assignments at the same time. Without any form of arrangement, the right brain starts with any task but can move to the next without necessarily completing the first one. As a result, it performs a huge number of tasks in the end but not necessarily the most important ones. On the contrary, the left brain is systematic in its approach to tasks (Noite, 2008). It always has a schedule of the duties to be accomplished in their order of preference. Consequently, it completes its tasks as per its list and does so effectively. Similarly, the left hemisphere works well with symbols. As a result, letters and words do not become a problem to it. It prefers distinctions between events and characters. Therefore, working with mathematical notations is carried out by the left brain. It is also very good at memorizing and is usually tasked with the role of retrieving information whenever required. Al Ghraibe (2012) finds in his study that repetitive learning and thinking processes are based on the left part of the brain , while the right hemisphere works well with tangible materials and things that can be felt (Al Ghraibeh, 2012). This hemisphere enjoys words that form a sentence and prefers calculated mathematical examples to the notations. Linking one event to another is the way this part of the brain works and therefore connectedness of issues is better to it. This brings about the difference we see in human beings (Nunez, 2010). While there are people who read once and understand issues, others have to see pictures for them to remember well what they have learnt. On the same note, people who rely more on the left hemisphere of the brain can easily be given a formula and then do a calculation. However, people who rely more on the right hemisphere have to see calculations where formulas are used in order to understand them. When solving a problem, the two hemispheres of the brain again exhibit differences. The left hemisphere does not stop until all decisions have proof. In other words, it uses l ogic to come up with any decision. It plans and structures any problem in order to apply concrete and credible information. As a result, this part of the brain prefers multiple choice tests because then it can be able to logically come up with an answer. Not only does the left hemisphere look at the causes of any problem, but also at the effects of the same (Northoff, 2004). According to Al Ghraibeh (2012), logical intelligence is related to the left hemisphere. However, the right part of the brain is always guided by emotions in any problem-solving situation.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Two Hemispheres of the Brain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It does not take into consideration what information is available but rather takes what feels like the right thing to do. Moreover, the right part of the brain does not like giving straightforward answers on any issue. So, it prefers open ended questions whic h give room for discussion. In this regard, while the left part of the brain covers talking and writing, the right hemisphere prefers drawings because they have room for manipulation. Arguably, the left part of the brain has no problems using words for expression. People who tend to rely more on the left side of the brain are good communicators and can make good orators. The conducted studies show that linguistic intelligence is influenced by the left hemisphere (Al Ghraibeh, 2012). On the other hand, the right hemisphere of the brain has a lot of difficulty explaining issues. Even when the picture is clear to this part of the brain about what should be said, getting the correct words to use is a problem. In this regard, people who use the right hemisphere easily get emotional when explaining themselves (Mildner, 2008). As a result, these people usually have to get a backup of every issue. They are highly likely to make notes of what they would like to say. Additionally, the left do minated people are more obedient to the rule in place at any scenario. They do not want to be on the wrong at any given instance. As a result, they will try to know every detail regarding the laws that are present wherever they are. Due to their fear of breaking rules, these people will always set their own rules and follow them even if they are not applicable. People whose left hemisphere dominates will always want to fit in every situation perfectly and will therefore adjust in under different circumstances (McGilChrist, 2012). On the contrary, the right part of the brain is driven by imagination and emotions. Thus, people, whose right part of the brain dominates, learn well by attaching emotions to various aspects. When they have no emotional attachment to something, it becomes difficult for them to remember it. In many instances, they do not give much thought to the repercussions of their emotional attachments. Considering various differences existing between the two hemispheres of the brain, it should be noted that they have several similarities. Notably, both parts of the brain execute their functions with a high degree of interdependency. Information like sensory observations is transmitted equally between the two hemispheres of the brain (Gazzaniga, 2000).Advertising Looking for term paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, it has been proved that people whose one part of the brain has been removed due to sickness usually recover and carry out their daily chores effectively. This implies that the remaining part of the brain takes up the functions of the other part. However, it should be stated that there are some differences in the way these people behave. As far as the structure of the brain is concerned, the two hemispheres are almost the same. They are also connected by nerve fibers to enhance communication between the two. References Al Ghraibeh, A. M. (2012). Brain Based Learning and its relation with Multiple Intelligences. International journal of Psychological Studies, 4(1), 103-113. Annett, M. (2013). Handedness and Brain Asymmetry: The Right Shift Theory. Oxford, England: Psychology Press. Darvas, G. (2007). Symmetry: Cultural-historical and Ontological Aspects of Science-Arts Relations; the Natural and Man-Made World in an Interdisciplinary approach. New York, NY: Springer. Gazzanig a, M. S. (2000). Cerebral Specialization and Interhemispheric Communication: Does the Corpus Callosum Enable the Human Condition? Brain Journal of Neurology, 123(7), 1293-1326. Luys, J. B. (2012). The Brain and Its Functions. Memphis, TN: General Books LLC. McGilchrist, A. (2012). The Master and His Emissary: The Divided Brain and the Making of the Western World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Mildner, V. (2008). The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Communication. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. Noite, J. (2008). The Human Brain: with Student Consult Online Access. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsivier Health Sciences. Northoff, G. (2004). Philosophy of the Brain: The Brain Problem. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing. Nunez, P. L. (2010). Brain, Mind, and the Structure of Reality. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Stress and Memory Loss essays

Stress and Memory Loss essays At some point in every persons' life, they will experience some kind of trauma. And though we know the shock of trauma usually occurs instantly, we cannot always anticipate how the anxiety may affect us in the long term. For some, who have personally been exposed to a life threatening event, or have been confronted with any type of seriously disturbing event sometimes develop what is known as acute distress. Acute distress may leave a person feeling frazzled after a few sleepless nights, but it is not something to be exceptionally worried about until it persists for over a month. When this happens it is called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). (Schiraldi, G. 2009) What many people do not realize, is that Post Traumatic Stress Disorder can occur at any age, including childhood. Symptoms usually begin within the first 3 months after the trauma, though it can be months, even years before symptoms appear. Many times the symptoms associated with PTSD cause significant problems with marriages, social relationships, and occupational life. According to the DSM-IV-TR (the diagnostic manual of mental disorders) symptoms include: persistent frightened thoughts and memories of the trauma, feeling emotionally numb or detached, difficulty falling or staying sleep, difficulty concentrating, irritability or outbursts of anger, hyper-vigilance, exaggerated startle response, as well as not being able to recall certain events or even missing huge gaps of time in their lives. This is commonly referred to as dissociate memory loss. This last example still has researches at a loss. What impact does uncontrollable stress have upon memory function? According to an article published by Yale University, School of Medicine, there have been neuroimaging studies to determine the areas of the brain that are affected by Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The two brain areas that have been consistently mentioned include the hippocampus, the area of...

Poor Patient Care due to Nursing Shortage Leading to Professional, Research Paper

Poor Patient Care due to Nursing Shortage Leading to Professional, Ethical and Legal Issues - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that in the healthcare setting, nurses are the important players in nourishing and rehabilitating an unhealthy, injured, diseased individual back to a normal and healthy individual, thereby enabling him/her to live a happy and successful life. The roles and duties of a nurse have also evolved with the changing face of nursing. Rather than becoming few, they have become many, with nurses increasingly taking up certain duties that were previously left to society. The development of nursing has also seen nurses evolve from general practitioners to highly specialized professionals, with areas of practice ranging from geriatric nursing to pediatric nursing. This has resulted in better patient care and higher patient survival rates. With the rapid development of human society and increasing health needs, this specialization across the nursing profession is bound to increase even more. However, there is another side to the above scenario. That is, due to the number of factors, there is sizable nursing shortage throughout the world including in the UK, and that is leading to poor patient care. Due to this shortage of nurses in healthcare settings, patients are put in a high risk condition, as they are not being given expected as well as adequate care leading to professional, ethical and legal issues Identification of the legal, professional and ethical issues A nurse will only â€Å"provide a structure of caring that can ultimately create an environment where†¦ a patient can begin a transition from victim to survivor† (Johnston 2006). Thus, if the shortage of nurses accentuates, the ‘structure’ will collapse, leading to a lot of trouble and risks. Shortage of nurses is being witnessed in many UK hospitals in the past few years, thereby placing NHS in a peril state. A shortage is happening because many hospitals have placed a freeze on the recruitment of new nurses and also axing currently functioning nurses as well. â€Å"Many hospitals have been axing nursing posts or imposing recruitment freezes since 2005 and 2006, having racked up huge debts. Official figures show 5,964 nursing posts have been axed in the past two years. † (Borland 2013). Shortage of nursing staff has a major detrimental impact on the quality of service of the hospital which directly impacts its reputation as well as on the hospital’s overall capacity to service (Buerhaus et al. 2007). More than the hospital’s image, the valuable lives of people are at stake. People come to a healthcare setting in an already compromised state, with both their physical as well as mental health in a will be in a weakened state. That is, as people visit hospitals, when their physical body is malfunctioning, diseased and injured, their physical strength and also their mental morale will be at an all-time low. Fig 1: (Borland 2013). Considering their state, it is of crucial importance for the healthcare profe ssionals particularly nurses, as said above, to provide them with apt care and ‘nurse’ back to health. (Gosling and Mintzberg 2003). However, when there is the shortage of nurses, all the patients may not be given apt and equal care, also may not be given quick care or care in times of need, and even deficient care. When this happens, many worst-case scenarios arise. â€Å"Recent documents, including the infamous Francis Report, have exposed a catalog of failings in the NHS, where patients have been neglected, poorly observed and physically abused. Findings detailed how patients were left unwashed; unable to eat and drink due to lack of help, and overall poorly managed in their final hours of need.† (The City Times).  

Business Of The Resale Stores Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12000 words

Business Of The Resale Stores - Dissertation Example Once this has been done, we will be doing a market segmentation to target our potential customers. Once this has been done, we will design the various strategies required to influence the customers. A detailed plan of how the organization work towards the achievement of its strategic goals and objectives is the operational plan for the business. It provides a clear picture of how the people, teams and the departments of the organizations are collectively working together or the purpose of the business. Finance or the starting capital is the most important thing without which no business can start. Finance is the combination of the acquiring, allocation and the proper management of funds that will actually combine to help in the fulfillment of any business. The financial plan helps the managers to go about with the entire project. It shows the managers and helps them in identifying the different sources of capital and how it can be collected and allocated so that the business may be conducted in a proper fashion. It helps the company to identify the different sources of the capital and how these sources can be properly utilized to actually formulate the business. It also helps in designing and defining the exact way in which the money should be allotted so that the business will be able to breakeven faster and would be successful. In recent times due to the impact of the recession and the inflation on a worldwide basis the consignment shop or resale store is a one-stop solution to all the buyer-seller problems. This is because initially a consignment store or a resale shop is actually a resale business which involves three parties. They are the goods owner or the consignor, the consignee or the seller and the buyer of the resold goods the customer. Goods that are resold or consigned generally are clothes, luxury items, and antiques.

FILMSCORES INELIGIBLE FOR THE ACADEMY AWARDS Essay

FILMSCORES INELIGIBLE FOR THE ACADEMY AWARDS - Essay Example e composers who have worked extra hard to develop original scores with other music producers who have just edited other people’s work to come up with film soundtracks. If I may use the example of Crash, the 2005 winner of Best Picture at the Academy Awards, the soundtrack of the film was an original composition by Mark Isham that was later released the music labels Gut and Colosseum (Bridges 25). The soundtrack contributed significantly to the success of the film. Placing such an original score together with un-original pieces is obviously unfair. Another reason why that this be adopted is because doing so will provide clear boundaries of what is original and what is not. Establishment of the two categories will pressure the Academy to properly redefine the terms that a particular composition should reach for it to be considered original or not. This will consequently eliminate cases like the one experienced recently where the music scores for the films, The Black Swan, The Fighter and True Grit were disqualified on the basis of being unoriginal. Establishment of the two distinct categories will also encourage composers who feel that they can add something fresh to previously produced pieces and come up with outstanding film scores. As I have indicated earlier, the score of a film plays an important role in its success level and therefore, let me compare and contrast the scores of two films that have been hugely successful this year. One is the Ben Affleck directed thriller â€Å"Argo’’ and the latest installation of the James Bond series â€Å"Sky fall’’. Both films are predominantly characterized and accompanied by original film scores. In the case of Argo, the renowned Alexandre Desplat has scored the film (Bridges 17). The score features many orchestral elements and easy concessions that are easily listenable to common people. Its opening cue comprises a rich sound filled with Persian Instrumentation that is very flavorful and therefore resonates with

Foundation Degree in Health and Social Care year 2 Literature review

Foundation Degree in Health and Social Care year 2 - Literature review Example An examination of an array of literature documents various areas of weakness in addressing the problem. However, the literature review also finds that the measures that are often taken are not misinformed, only that they are not all that is required in addressing the problem. In order to deal address cases of alcohol abuse among the youthful population, understanding the causes of alcohol abuse is important. There is the need to understand the causes of alcohol abuse examine the implications of every approach and come up with a regulatory framework that is well informed. Indeed, as highlighted, the most feasible approach of addressing the problem of alcohol abuse amongst the children is that which recognizes the need of adopted concerted approaches, as opposed to inclining only a few approaches. Modifiable risk habits, including smoking, alcohol consumption, drug consumption, bad diet as well as physical inactivity, both personal and collectively, contribute to morbidity as well as death throughout life. Critically, risk habits are common among the children and the urge to engage in habits rises with an increase in age in teenage years, often extending into adulthood. A couple of surveys have illustrated clustering of habits that are risky, and statistics from the United States, Canada and England show that between six and thirteen percent of teenagers smoke daily, imbibe alcohol and consume illegal drugs (Tonkiss, 2004). The crucial question is how these could be addressed. This paper seeks to evaluate the current approaches to alcohol abuse among children in London and proceeds to offer some recommendations about the problem. The cases of alcohol abuse in London, as well as other drugs and other concerns are well documented. Initiation of risk habits at an early stage is connected to indulgence in many risk habits both in early teenage as well as late teenage and simultaneous involvement in such habits during teenage is linked to

Creating and Marketing a new product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Creating and Marketing a new product - Essay Example But on the other hand complications have also increased as we try to understand and use each of the gadgets separately. It is from these complications that we have identified a new need of getting everything available to users in a single device. The product we have come up is called ‘E-Wall’ which will help users of technology manage everything from a single place using a single device. In this report we will talk in detail about the product, marketing plan and strategy, business strategy, and operations. We will also discuss how we will establish it as a legal entity and protect the innovation from being copied by any company. We will also establish the target market of the proposed product. E-Wall E-Wall is an electronic wall that will act as a screen. This screen will display everything that a person needs to carry out his or her daily technology related operations. The screen will serve as a laptop, television, cell phone etc for users. Basically everything users wa nt will be displayed on the E-Wall and users will be able to control it through a tablet. This tablet will serve as a key board for users which they will use to change icons on the wall. The aim of the technology is to bring everything together in one place so that users can easily access it. The device will also save space as it will be placed on the wall. Only a small server will be attached to the screen to feed data into the wall. The main purpose of E-Wall is to integrate all the present technology currently being used by the people worldwide. There is a need to join them together so that users can get a single point of access. Another purpose of the product is to make everything easily available to users of technology. The idea behind E-Wall is to get everything on a single wall so that everything can be managed easily. This product will not only make access to different technologies easily. E-Wall will display everything on a large surface (wall) which will increase visibilit y and also users will be able to use everything without even moving from one place to another or without juggling different devices at the same time. E-Wall will serve as a display screen for all of the existing technology. It will just integrate existing technology into one device. A key attribute of the device is that it will allow users to access everything on the E-Wall through a touch screen tablet. This will allow mobility without compromising on size of the display or the number of technologies available. This key advantage will make this device desirable for many segments of the society. Establishing Legal Entity It is important to form a legal entity in order to operate any official business therefore we have decided to form a Limited Liability Partnership company. This is type of company offers the benefits of both corporations and partnership, and this is why we have preferred it over other forms. The most important element of this form of company is the limited liability of partners. Limited liability restricts the liability of the partners and separates personal and company assets. It is relatively safe to go for a limited liability company as personal assets are not secured in case of liquidation. The next step will be to register a name of the company and a trademark which will be used both for transaction and for marketing purposes. By registering a trademark we will also ensure that no one is able to copy our name or sign in any way. Trademark is very important in today’

Bioremediation Procedures of Crude Oil Impacted Soil Essay

Bioremediation Procedures of Crude Oil Impacted Soil - Essay Example Some features of the spill location show the characteristics usually associated with a priority spill of toxic substance; a spill that seeps down through the subsurface strata and then comes into contact and interaction with the groundwater.   The entire description of the ecosystem and environment where the spill occurred is a rather complex question. Map inferences and a consultation of the USGS Ground Water Atlas infer that the contamination would, because of the largely rural character, spread more readily through the food chain and have a greater impact than when such a spill would occur in predominantly non-rural locations. This is by reason of the greater saturation possible where a rural area presents less paved and therefore sealed off superficial surface runoff, situations.   First, the groundwater flow direction is determined by drilling two or more wells. A non-toxic stain is made to suggest the velocity of groundwater flow, and the testing reveals the contaminant character and concentration. This site today has well upwards of 75 wells that all have data that is constantly changing. Concentrations that are available for wells 604b (years: 1987, 90, 92, 93 and 95); 532c (1986, 87, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95), would be fairly good indicators of both groundwater flow direction and extent of contamination spread because they are separated by a reasonable distance and lie   in the line of predominant groundwater flow. The contaminants recorded are: benzene, toluene; m, p-Xylene; o-Xylene; isopropylbenzene; and Dissolved oxygen, and are parameters which can suggest the effectiveness of the bioremediation. The idea is that aerobic rather than anaerobic processes are predominant. The rationale for this is that where the contaminant concentrations go to zero the Dissolved oxygen concentration increases.

Foundation Degree in Health and Social Care year 2 Literature review

Foundation Degree in Health and Social Care year 2 - Literature review Example An examination of an array of literature documents various areas of weakness in addressing the problem. However, the literature review also finds that the measures that are often taken are not misinformed, only that they are not all that is required in addressing the problem. In order to deal address cases of alcohol abuse among the youthful population, understanding the causes of alcohol abuse is important. There is the need to understand the causes of alcohol abuse examine the implications of every approach and come up with a regulatory framework that is well informed. Indeed, as highlighted, the most feasible approach of addressing the problem of alcohol abuse amongst the children is that which recognizes the need of adopted concerted approaches, as opposed to inclining only a few approaches. Modifiable risk habits, including smoking, alcohol consumption, drug consumption, bad diet as well as physical inactivity, both personal and collectively, contribute to morbidity as well as death throughout life. Critically, risk habits are common among the children and the urge to engage in habits rises with an increase in age in teenage years, often extending into adulthood. A couple of surveys have illustrated clustering of habits that are risky, and statistics from the United States, Canada and England show that between six and thirteen percent of teenagers smoke daily, imbibe alcohol and consume illegal drugs (Tonkiss, 2004). The crucial question is how these could be addressed. This paper seeks to evaluate the current approaches to alcohol abuse among children in London and proceeds to offer some recommendations about the problem. The cases of alcohol abuse in London, as well as other drugs and other concerns are well documented. Initiation of risk habits at an early stage is connected to indulgence in many risk habits both in early teenage as well as late teenage and simultaneous involvement in such habits during teenage is linked to

Bioremediation Procedures of Crude Oil Impacted Soil Essay

Bioremediation Procedures of Crude Oil Impacted Soil - Essay Example Some features of the spill location show the characteristics usually associated with a priority spill of toxic substance; a spill that seeps down through the subsurface strata and then comes into contact and interaction with the groundwater.   The entire description of the ecosystem and environment where the spill occurred is a rather complex question. Map inferences and a consultation of the USGS Ground Water Atlas infer that the contamination would, because of the largely rural character, spread more readily through the food chain and have a greater impact than when such a spill would occur in predominantly non-rural locations. This is by reason of the greater saturation possible where a rural area presents less paved and therefore sealed off superficial surface runoff, situations.   First, the groundwater flow direction is determined by drilling two or more wells. A non-toxic stain is made to suggest the velocity of groundwater flow, and the testing reveals the contaminant character and concentration. This site today has well upwards of 75 wells that all have data that is constantly changing. Concentrations that are available for wells 604b (years: 1987, 90, 92, 93 and 95); 532c (1986, 87, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95), would be fairly good indicators of both groundwater flow direction and extent of contamination spread because they are separated by a reasonable distance and lie   in the line of predominant groundwater flow. The contaminants recorded are: benzene, toluene; m, p-Xylene; o-Xylene; isopropylbenzene; and Dissolved oxygen, and are parameters which can suggest the effectiveness of the bioremediation. The idea is that aerobic rather than anaerobic processes are predominant. The rationale for this is that where the contaminant concentrations go to zero the Dissolved oxygen concentration increases.

Situation Assessment of Various Response Teams Essay Example for Free

Situation Assessment of Various Response Teams Essay Situation Assessment of Various Response Teams Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Effective response to incidences obliges an appropriate planning approach that is founded on the disaster evaluation of the situation (Schwartz, 2013). Such a situation obliges a reaction on the planned emergency management process that is applied to the organization. This is aimed at ensuring that perilous assets of an organization are safeguarded from probable hazards (Salmon, Stanton, Jenkins Walker, 2011). Before the planning and the execution of the response, the assessment of the situation provides the requisite data for examination. This data assists in the evaluation of the usefulness of the existing emergency response tactics used by the organization. This prior situational assessment entails defining the needs and urgencies of the emergency response tactics that are utilized by the organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For effective decision-making, planning and control of the whole process, situational management becomes a vital element for application (Comfort, 2004). This management helps in undertaking of all the phases of disaster response through facilitating ease of planning and orchestrating of effective recovery strategies. This memo sets to describe the steps that one would take to conduct the assessment as the starting point. It also discusses the key success factors in the management of large, multi-agency as well as multi-jurisdictional response programs. Further, it discusses numerous ways of determining success of the response. In addition, the memo entails an elucidation of how drills and tests that precisely evaluate the key factors for response can be designed. Steps That One Would Take To Conduct the Postmortem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first step, in undertaking the assessment, is defining objectives followed by terms of reference. In this step, the assessor ruminates on the reasons of the assessment practice. The objectives of the assessment activity, the questions that require answers and the entailed activities are defined. The required outcomes from the assessment are specifically determined at this step. The assessor is advised to be realistic as possible when carrying out this activity. As Comfort (2004), gauging the minimum amount of information that is required to attain the necessary output is vital to this step. The assessor then thinks about the end user of the information obtained from the assessment and, in this case; the senior government officials concerned with the disaster event response.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next step involves choosing the kind of assessment to be applied. There are usually three types of assessment that can be applied namely; rapid, detailed and continual assessments (Salmon, Stanton, Jenkins Walker, 2011). Rapid assessment is executed during major disruptions such as after the occurrence of an earthquake. Detailed assessment is carried out on various occasions such as after a rapid assessment, on the situation where detailed information is required and when the situation under scrutiny keeps on changing gradually. Continual assessment is done after a detailed assessment has been carried out. According to Schwartz (2013), this kind of assessment involves updating information on the current situation and demanding for the relevant feedback from the involved is vital.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The third step is deciding on whether or not to involve partners in the assessment. At point, an individual decides on whether to undertake the assessment on their own or with partners. Partners may either be internal or external depending on the sensitivity of the assessment being carried out and needs of the assessment (Comfort, 2004). When internal partners are involved, their capacities and roles should be considered. Also, their actual roles in the exercise should be defined precisely. Involving external partners call for a joint assessment that has some benefits. These benefits are; improved coordination and cooperation in the planning, efficient use of resources and reduced assessment fatigue (Jensen, 2011). A joint assessment calls for appropriate divisions of responsibilities as per the agreement of the partners.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the next step in undertaking a detailed review of the secondary information, every assessor is obliged to undertake a comprehensive review of the available secondary information on the subject of assessment (Comfort, 2004). The information entails the background information, and the information in direct relation to the issues identified in terms of reference (Salmon, Stanton, Jenkins Walker, 2011). It also involves the information pertaining to the sources and type of latest changes. This information helps in grasping the initial idea of the assessment and the related problems that the assessor might experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The other step is the collection of information pertaining to the ongoing responses of the team. At this point, choosing the best method of collecting the actual information pertaining to the performance of the various response teams is vital (Schwartz, 2013). This is so because the correct methodology ensures that only the right information pertaining to the situation is obtained. This endeavor obliges for gathering all the appropriate means in terms of resources, logistics, human and time (Jensen, 2011). In the possession of these resources, all the needed information can be obtained with ease. After compiling, the information pertaining to the assessment activity is presented to the recipients, in this case, the senior government officials. The presentation must be simple and should present a detailed understanding of the activities of various response teams. The Key Success Factors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are several basic success factors that are evident in response programs. These factors ensure that emergency operations fulfill the projected aims and objectives of alleviation, reaction and recovery (Comfort, 2004). The main aim of incident response is to ensure a rapid and effective recovery from a security event. In addition, the response gears towards decreasing the impacts inflicted by the threat or disruption to normal functioning of facilities where the incidence has occurred. A systematic approach plan executed in line with the standard measures of corporeal security is applied with an aim of mitigating the probability of reoccurrence of the event.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the crucial success factors, towards managing large, multi-agency and multi-jurisdictional response programs, is inter-agency communication (Salmon, Stanton, Jenkins Walker, 2011). This type of communication is done on the basis of a collective framework. As Jensen (2011) asserts, collaboration among agencies is crucial in guaranteeing effective disaster response. For this reason, the communication among these agencies should be flexible to guarantee a consistent communication framework. This framework ensures that the collaboration between the private sector and the government is at its best for effective management of national calamities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This happens regardless of the magnitude, geographical location and causation of the disaster. Also, the joint system of information management assists in enhancing public communication by relaying the information pertaining to a disaster accurately and in time to the public (Jensen, 2011). This cross-communication facilitates the meeting of various response team communicators whose aim is to develop, organize and deliver a common message relating to the event. Such meetings facilitate the elimination of delivery of dissimilar information relating to an event by the government and non-governmental agencies. The purpose of inter-agency communication is not only to facilitate effort coordination of various jurisdictions, but also guarantees joint decision-making framework. The framework is founded on the goals and aims, mete tactics and plans, public communications, and the primaries during the occurrence of the event (Schwartz, 2013). This aids in improving the efficiency of readiness for a disaster and the response of various agencies. This way, successful response to an event, the recovery from that event and prevention of its reoccurrence is guaranteed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second key success factor is effective reporting procedures of the disaster event. The procedures, of reporting a disaster event, are vital in enhancing the efficacy of response actions to the event (Comfort, 2004). An efficacy reporting procedure is grounded on the fundamental facets of effective communications that guarantee to extend to the largest audience possible. The reporting of the disaster event must be fast enough so as to mitigate any probable losses that may emanate from the event (Kellams, 2007). For this reason, utilization of effective reporting networks and procedures which manifest minimum constraints. These procedures are obliged to conform to the evacuation policies usually applied when all physical security bounds have been entirely overwhelmed (Kellams, 2007). These policies advocates for adequate communication of the incident, suppression of the destruction imposed by the event and mitigation of eminent risks thr ough safeguard crucial assets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The third key success factor is effective management of resources. Effective response programs oblige for effective management of resources. This exercise primarily starts with the identification of the resources that are available at all levels of jurisdiction (Schwartz, 2013). The identification is followed by classifying, transmitting, tracking and reception of resources. All these activities call for effective management so as to facilitate timely delivery of these resources and prevention of wastage. This way, the preparation, reaction and recovery process of the disaster event is effectively carried out devoid of impediments (Comfort, 2004). Resource management should also entail the various agreements among several agencies who form response teams for effective resource mobilization. This way, the effect brought about by the disaster event is minimized, and the recovery strategies become more effective.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fourth basic success factor is enhanced public communication. At this point, crucial media relations should be cultivated in ensuring effective communication of the disaster event to the public (Kellams, 2007). During initial stages of reacting to disaster and recovery operations, the involved teams should are obliged to establish communication channels that are capable of reaching the victims with swiftness. In most cases, effective public communication is usually realized through the use of low-price and low-tech networks (Kellams, 2007). This is so because they are believed to be the most effective and are easily accessed by the victims of a disaster event. Some examples of such cheap communication channels that can be used are; megaphones, community radios and the Systems of Public Address. Measuring the Success of the Response   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A given response to a disaster event is said to be successful only if it achieves its primary aims and objectives (Kellams, 2007). In all instances, the primary aim and objective of all response programs are to mitigate the potential damage affiliated with the event on human life and belongings by emphasizing on safety. In determining the success of the response, several variables can be used as discussed below.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first way, of measuring the success of the response, is through the analysis of the depth of losses incurred after the event and comparison of it to the recovery depth (Kellam, 2006). The extent of loss is measured through the number of sustained fatal injuries, the minor injuries, and the reported total deaths. This is followed then by identification of the magnitude of loss affiliated with the event in terms of property (Comfort, 2004). This way, it is easier to assess the achievement of the response and recovery attempts put in place by the collaborating multi-agency teams. Effective responses to disastrous events are always geared towards minimizing the impacts of the event and to aid in the realization of the best possible recovery plan. Also, these responses aim at preventing such disasters in the future. Assessing the initial possibility of the occurrence of the losses incurred compared to the assessment of the future occurrence of such an event is crucial. This is so because, it becomes easier to determine the success of the response (RodriÃŒ guez, Quarantelli Dynes, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second way through which the success of the response is determined is through the evaluation of the level of collaboration between all the stakeholders. In the case of a disaster event, the stakeholders are the public, the government, as well as the response agencies (Comfort, 2004). Successful responses to events depend on the level of collaboration of all the above-mentioned stakeholders. This is so because each of the collaborators must take their part seriously and execute it with utmost articulation for a successful response program. For this reason, there must exist an effective communication channel among the stakeholders (Sadovich, 2007). This ensures that each fulfills their part without intruding into other stakeholder’s jurisdiction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The stakeholders who have a common picture of the event and who worked tirelessly together throughout the whole response program is an indication of a successful response program (Gardner, 2013). This collaboration can only be guaranteed through effective communication among the stakeholders that in turn ensures effective resource management, sharing of responsibilities and planning of activities. When the above mentioned three activities become effective, the success of the response program is guaranteed. For this reason, establishment of the level of collaboration is an important measure of the success of response programs (Sadovich, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The third measure of the success of the response is an assessment of the time of distraction of the normalcy of the response. As Gardner (2013) asserts, a successful response to a disaster event usually occurs within the shortest time possible to guarantee minimum distraction of the operation of vital facilities during its execution. The minimum disruption is guaranteed through effective communication, better allocation of tasks among the multi-agency teams and effective allocation of resources. If a response program takes long to be accomplished, it means that there is a problem with one or even more of the three aforementioned perspectives. A prolonged response program may create a lot of disruptions of the critical facilities. To this end, the program may be termed as ineffective and thus unsuccessful. When all aspects of implementation of the program are well coordinated, there is minimum disruption of the crucial infrastructure (Gardn er, 2013). When this minimum disruption occurs, the response program is said to be successful. For this reason, the magnitude and duration of the disruption of crucial facilities is one of the metrics for assessing the success of a response program. Designing Drills and Tests for Evaluating Key Success Factors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The primary use of drills and tests is to evaluate the perilous success factors in the implementation of disaster response program. For this reason, the drills and tests are developed in accordance with the objectives and aims of the response program. First, the evaluation of inter-agency communication during the implementation response program necessitates an examination of the roles and accountabilities of different agencies that are collaborating. For this reason, individual contribution of the agencies must be accounted for during the evaluation of the success of inter-agency collaboration (Gardner, 2013).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, it is a must that the communication platforms used by different agencies in the process are evaluated. This way, it becomes easier to know different communication platforms that were used by different agencies who were collaborating. The agencies may have used a single platform of communication, or each may have used their independent platform. In most cases for national incidences, the use of a universal platform is encouraged. This is so because it is associated with prominence in managing emergency incidences. To this end, communication platforms are vital ingredients in designing drills and tests. To add on this, the preparedness to disaster is improving because of the use of uniform procedures in response teams reinforced by the application of the universal language. The standardization aspect also emphasizes on the use a set of universal techniques and information systems (Gardner, 2013). The two are developed to boost the operation of entities during the implementation of the response program. In addition, the two aspects serve as a strategic methodology that is used to facilitate effective management of operations during the program. The process of evaluating the efficiency of inter-agency teamwork and communication considerably rest on flexibility of appropriate implementation (Gardner, 2013). This flexibility relies on the progress of a chain of command that the government and non-governmental agencies adopt during the management of the occurrence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Evaluation of efficient program response is carried out by assessing the base on which the channels of communication used are oriented (Jensen, 2011). These communication channels should be in line with the evacuation policies and techniques. For this reason, communication as a drill and test of evaluating the basic success factor of the response program is designed to conform to the laid down policies and techniques. The reporting of the disaster event should be done based on the real time of occurrence. The accuracy in reporting procedure and of the relayed information pertaining to the event is highly emphasized (Jensen, 2011). In evaluating the success of this factor, we base our information magnitude of the target population of the reporting. For this reason, a critical assessment of communication channels that were utilized during the response and their respective effectiveness in reaching the prospected audience is vital. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, this memo describes the steps that one would take to conduct assessing the performance of several response teams during a disaster event. These steps are; definition of objectives followed by terms of references, choosing the type of assessment to be used and deciding on involvement of partners. Other steps are; review of the secondary information, collection of information pertaining to the ongoing response and the presentation of the findings as well as recommendations to the officials. Also, the memo discusses some key success factors in managing large, multi-jurisdictional, as well as multi-agency response programs. These factors are universal framework inter-agency communication, efficient reporting and techniques, public communication and effective management of resources. Further, there is a discussion of various measures success of the response programs. These measures are the extent of loss caused by the disaster, t he level of collaboration during the program, and the duration of the disruption of normal operation of crucial infrastructures. Further, the last section discusses on how drills and tests, of evaluating key success factors, can be designed. This process, as discussed above, involves analyzing the roles and responsibilities bestowed on various agencies forming the team, and an evaluation response techniques and policies. References Comfort, L. (2004). Coordination in Rapidly Evolving Disaster Response Systems: The Role of Information. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(3), 295-313. doi:10.1177/0002764204268987 Gardner, S. (2013). Multi-Site Disaster Response and Coordination Best Practices. Rxresponse.org. Retrieved 21 January 2015, from http://www.rxresponse.org/news/blog/multi-site-disaster-response-and-coordination-best-practices Jensen, J. (2011). The Current NIMS Implementation Behavior of United States Counties. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 8(1). doi:10.2202/1547-7355.1815 Kellams, C. (2007). NIMS and Homeland Security Field Guides. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 4(1). doi:10.2202/1547-7355.1321 Rodriguez, H., Quarantelli, E., Dynes, R. (2006). Handbook of disaster research. New York: Springer. Sadovich, J. (2007). Review Disaster Resilience: An Integrated Approach. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 4(4). doi:10.2202/1547-7355.1397 Salmon, P., Stanton, N., Jenkins, D., Walker, G. (2011). Coordination during multi-agency emergency response: issues and solutions. Disaster Prevention and Management, 20(2), 140-158. doi:10.1108/09653561111126085 Schwartz, K. (2013). Testimony before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security Governmental Affairs: The Boston Marathon Bombings. Source document